Vitamin D Council needs your help...

Tax-deductible!

Together we can end the illness and disease caused by the worldwide epidemic of vitamin D deficiency.

About Vitamin D Council

Contact Vitamin D Council

Sponsor Vitamin D Council

Follow us on:

Vitamin D Products

(off-site)

These companies donate to the Vitamin D Council.

D-Lite, Renew, & SunSplash UV/Tanning Systems
In-Home ZRT Vitamin D Blood Test Kit
Get Premium Quality Vitamin D Supplements at Great Prices
Vitamin D3 Plus™ from Bio-Tech — contains the cofactors Vitamin D needs to work properly.

Vitamin D Research

back to research menu

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Vitamin d and the immune system. J Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;37(3):491–5.
Direct and indirect induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of the NOD2/CARD15-defensin beta2 innate immune pathway defective in Crohn disease. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 22;285(4):2227–31.
Gastroenterology - Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 15. Ger Med Sci. 2009 Nov 18;7:Doc13.
Comparison of the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 25 hydroxyvitamin D on bone pathology and disease activity in Crohn's disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Nov;15(11):1656–62.
Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency-related chronic diseases: molecular and cellular pathophysiology. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep 2.
25 (OH) vitamin D level in Crohn's disease: association with sun exposure & disease activity. Indian J Med Res. 2009 Aug;130(2):133–7.
Crohn's disease & osteoimmunology—is vitamin D the cross-talk co-ordinator? Indian J Med Res. 2009 Aug;130(2):108–11.
In situ evidence of involvement of Schwann cells in ulcerative colitis: autocrine and paracrine signaling by A disintegrin and metalloprotease-17-mediated tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Hum Pathol. 2009 Aug;40(8):1159–67.
Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Med. 2009 Jul;122(7):599–604. Review.
Crohn's disease: The hot hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Jul;73(1):94–6.
Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: Implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Jun 20.
Glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory diseases. Lancet. 2009 May 30;373(9678):1905–17. Review.
Session 3: Joint Nutrition Society and Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute Symposium on 'Nutrition and autoimmune disease'. Nutrition in Crohn's disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009 May;68(2):127–34.
Spine bone mineral density and VDR polymorphism in subjects with ulcerative colitis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009 Apr 14.
Vitamin d screening by gastroenterologists in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Mar;104(3):791.
Medical treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a role for novel bile acids and other (post–)transcriptional modulators? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009 Feb;36(1):52–61. Review.
Immunomodulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on TH1/TH2 cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: an in vitro study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2009 Jan–Mar;22(1):63–71.
Failure of T cell homing, reduced CD4/CD8alphaalpha intraepithelial lymphocytes, and inflammation in the gut of vitamin D receptor KO mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 30;105(52):20834–9.
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Dec;23(12):1816–22.
The paradoxical effects of vitamin D on type 1 mediated immunity. Mol Aspects Med. 2008 Dec;29(6):369–75. Review.
PXR: a xenobiotic receptor of diverse function implicated in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics. 2008 Nov;9(11):1695–709. Review.
Measurement of nutrition status in Crohn's disease patients receiving infliximab therapy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Oct–Nov;23(5):551–6.
Vitamin D and human health: lessons from vitamin D receptor null mice. Endocr Rev. 2008 Oct;29(6):726–76. Review.
Vitamin D status and bone density in recently diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: the Manitoba IBD Cohort Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun;103(6):1451–9.
Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its correlation with bone mineral density. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2008 Jun;52(4):684–91.
Bone mineral density in children exposed to chronic glucocorticoid therapy. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2008 Jun;47(5):469–75.
Inflammatory bowel disease and bone. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2008 May–Jun;27(3):91–3.
Vitamin D derivatives induce apoptosis and downregulate ICAM-1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 May;14(5):597–604.
Low body mass not vitamin D receptor polymorphisms predict osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr 1;27(7):588–96.
A 2008 panorama on osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Med. 2008 Feb;99(1):65–71. Review.
A review of complementary and alternative approaches to immunomodulation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Feb;23(1):49–62. Review.
Immune modulatory treatment of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis with calcitriol is associated with a change of a T helper (Th) 1/Th17 to a Th2 and regulatory T cell profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Jan;324(1):23–33.
Novel role of the vitamin D receptor in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jan;294(1):G208–16.
Vitamin D deficiency in undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(5):R123.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and dexamethasone increase interleukin-10 production in CD4+ T cells from patients with Crohn's disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2007 Dec 15;7(13):1755–64.
Basic and clinical aspects of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec 14;13(46):6156–65. Review.
A decision tree-based approach for determining low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease using WEKA software. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Dec;19(12):1075–81.
Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007 Nov;45(5):538–45.
Vitamin D insufficiency—possible etiologic factor of autoimmune diseases. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007 Oct 22;169(43):3655–60. Review.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of intravenous clodronate for prevention of steroid-induced bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1184–9.
Vitamin D and autoimmune disease. Acta Med Indones. 2007 Jul–Sep;39(3):133–41. Review.
Nutrition assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2007 Jul–Aug;31(4):311–9.
Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of vitamin D. Int J Mol Med. 2007 Jun;19(6):947–52.
Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor are critical for control of the innate immune response to colonic injury. BMC Immunol. 2007 Mar 30;8:5.
Natural history of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 Jan;13(1):42–50.
Report on the vitamin D status of adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its significance for bone health and disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Dec;12(12):1162–74. Review.
Assessment of bone and mineral metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease: case series and review. Endocr Pract. 2006 Nov–Dec;12(6):622–9.
Vitamin D status in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):1950–61.
Vitamin D and its role in immunology: Multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):60–4. Review.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Aug;12(8):797–813. Review.
Dysfunction of the vitamin D endocrine system as common cause for multiple malignant and other chronic diseases. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul–Aug;26(4A):2581–8. Review.
Do guidelines matter? Implementation of the ACG and AGA osteoporosis screening guidelines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who meet the guidelines' criteria. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul;101(7):1546–50.
Interaction among vitamin D(3) analogue KH 1060, TNF-alpha, and vitamin D receptor protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Jul;6(7):1083–92.
Osteoporosis in pediatric patients suffering from chronic inflammatory bowel disease with and without steroid treatment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jul;43(1):42–51.
Variable deficits of bone mineral despite chronic glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric patients with inflammatory diseases: a Glaser Pediatric Research Network study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;19(6):821–30.
Skeletal morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2006 May;(243):59–64. Review.
Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene (Fok-I, Taq-I and Apa-I) polymorphisms in healthy individuals from north Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2005 Apr–Jun;6(2):147–52.
Altered levels of biochemical indices of bone turnover and bone-related vitamins in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Apr 1;23(7):1007–16.
Osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2006 Spring;6(2):63–71. Review.
Vitamin D receptor is required to control gastrointestinal immunity in IL-10 knockout mice. Immunology. 2006 Mar;117(3):310–8.
Osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Feb;4(2):152–6.
Intravenous pamidronate in combination with calcium and vitamin D: highly effective in the treatment of low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb;41(2):200–4.
Lack of correlation between the vitamin D receptor Fokl start codon polymorphism and bone mineral density in patients with Crohn's disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006 Jan;114(1):1–5.
Current therapy of inflammatory bowel disease in children. Paediatr Drugs. 2006;8(5):279–302. Review.
Influence of IL-6, COL1A1, and VDR gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in Crohn's disease. Gut. 2005 Nov;54(11):1579–84.
Mechanisms of disease: vitamin D and inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Jul;2(7):308–15. Review.
Vitamin D and calcium deficits predispose for multiple chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Invest. 2005 May;35(5):290–304. Review.
Therapy insight: Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease—advances and retreats. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 May;2(5):232–9. Review.
Altered bone mass in children at diagnosis of Crohn disease: a pilot study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Mar;40(3):295–300.
Hypercalcemia due to excess 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Crohn's disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Jan;45(1):e3–6.
Calcium and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target the TNF-alpha pathway to suppress experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Immunol. 2005 Jan;35(1):217–24.
Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1717S–20S. Review.
Mounting evidence for vitamin D as an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2004 Dec;229(11):1136–42. Review.
Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Med. 2004 Dec;95(6):481–7. Review.
Prevalence and pathogenesis of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Med. 2004 Dec;95(6):469–80. Review.
Review article: bone disease in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Oct;20 Suppl 4:43–9. Review.
Interleukin 10-deficient mice develop osteopenia, decreased bone formation, and mechanical fragility of long bones. Gastroenterology. 2004 Sep;127(3):792–801.
Measurement of vitamin D levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients reveals a subset of Crohn's disease patients with elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and low bone mineral density. Gut. 2004 Aug;53(8):1129–36.
Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in patients with Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jun;39(6):527–33.
Osteoporosis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Orv Hetil. 2004 May 16;145(20):1045–51. Review.
Review article: Osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 May 1;19(9):941–52. Review.
Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Med Klin (Munich). 2004 Mar 15;99(3):123–30. Review.
Metabolic bone disease in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Mar;38(3):218–24. Review.
The BsmI vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Jewish Ashkenazi patients. Genet Test. 2004 Winter;8(4):417–20.
A crucial role for the vitamin D receptor in experimental inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Endocrinol. 2003 Dec;17(12):2386–92.
Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease — results of a survey among members of the German Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Association. Z Gastroenterol. 2003 Dec;41(12):1145–50.
Lack of relationship of calcium and vitamin D intake to bone mineral density in premenopausal women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Nov;98(11):2468–73.
Osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and risk factors in Tunisian patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2003 Oct;27(10):901–7.
The frequency of vitamin D deficiency in adults with Crohn's disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;17(8):473–8.
The pathophysiology of bone disease in gastrointestinal disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Aug;15(8):857–64. Review.
Bone loss associated with gastrointestinal disease: prevalence and pathogenesis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Aug;15(8):851–6. Review.
The immunological functions of the vitamin D endocrine system. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2003 Mar;49(2):277–300. Review.
Mechanisms by which nutritional disorders cause reduced bone mass in adults. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003 Mar;12(2):145–50. Review.
Increased serum bone sialoprotein concentrations in patients with Crohn's disease. Z Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;41(3):243–7.
Review article: nutrition and adult inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Feb;17(3):307–20. Review.
Treatment of the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2002 Dec;4(6):513–6. Review.
Vitamin D status in children, adolescents, and young adults with Crohn disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1077–81.
Metabolic bone disease is present at diagnosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Nov;16(11):1895–902.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in populations at risk for osteoporosis: impact on bone integrity. Med Clin (Barc). 2002 Jun 22;119(3):85–9.
Interleukin-2 is one of the targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jun 15;402(2):249–54.
Metabolic Bone Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2002 Jun;5(3):173–180.
Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of calcium and vitamin D with or without fluoride. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002 May;16(5):919–27.
Celiac Disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;5(1):27–38.
Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002 Feb;37(2):192–9.
Examination, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: recommendations and reality. Acta Med Austriaca. 2002;29(4):120–3.
Candidate genes colocalized to linkage regions in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2002;66(2):121–6.
Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J. 2001 Dec;15(14):2579–85. Review.
Neurological manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, with particular reference to the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci. 2001 Nov;22 Suppl 2:S117–22. Review.
Management of bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Gastrointest Dis. 2001 Oct;12(4):275–83.
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol prevents and ameliorates symptoms of experimental murine inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr. 2000 Nov;130(11):2648–52.
Genetic factors determine extent of bone loss in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000 Oct;119(4):909–20.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: association with Crohn's disease susceptibility. Gut. 2000 Aug;47(2):211–4.
Decreased trabecular bone mineral density in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients in Korea. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 May;15(5):512–8.
Disorders of bone metabolism in gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2000 Mar 4;144(10):462–7. Review.
Increase of bone mineral density with sodium fluoride in patients with Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 Jan;12(1):19–24.
Guidelines for osteoporosis in coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut. 2000 Jan;46 Suppl 1:i1–8.
Bones and Crohn's: problems and solutions. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1999 Aug;5(3):212–27. Review.
Bone mineral metabolism in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1999 Aug;5(3):192–9. Review.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Apr;94(4):878–83. Review.
Pathological bone density in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases—prevalence and risk factors. Z Gastroenterol. 1999 Jan;37(1):5–12.
Reduced bone mineral density and unbalanced bone metabolism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1998 Nov;4(4):268–75.
Femoral neck osteopenia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Sep;93(9):1483–90.
A strategy for osteoporosis in gastroenterology. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Aug;10(8):689–96; discussion 696–8. Review.
Inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Dec;32(12):1247–55. Review.
Bone assessment in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Surg. 1997 Nov;84(11):1551–4.
Detection of osteoporosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 Oct;9(10):931–3.
Altered bone metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997 Jul;92(7):1157–63.
Corticosteroid-induced bone loss. Prevention and management. Drug Saf. 1996 Nov;15(5):347–59. Review.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation for decreased bone density in corticosteroid-using patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Oct;10(5):777–86.
Relationships between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease. J Intern Med. 1996 Feb;239(2):131–7.
Decreased bone density in inflammatory bowel disease is related to corticosteroid use and not disease diagnosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Feb;10(2):250–6.
Bone mineral density and calcium regulating hormones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1994;102(1):44–9.
Longitudinal assessment of growth, mineral metabolism, and bone mass in pediatric Crohn's disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993 Nov;17(4):401–6.
Caries risk in patients with Crohn's disease: a pilot study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988 Mar;65(3):304–7.
Role of nutrition in acute and long-term therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Nov 21;98(22):774–9.
Vitamin D absorption in healthy subjects and in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Oct;42(4):644–9.
A survey of vitamin D deficiency in gastrointestinal and liver disorders. Q J Med. 1984 Winter;53(209):119–34.

back to research menu

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all site content licensed under a Creative Commons License.